You’re misapplying stats and bringing in other areas of the law that are not relevant to the point I made, including on the VRA. You are welcome to read the articles I cited and read relevant arguments around them. The book The Right to Vote is a good read, too.

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Alabama legislators who restricted voting rights, claimed they were working to take down the “black power structure” in the state. Similarly, North Carolina’s district lines and voting laws are getting overturned because they targeted black communities based on race with “almost surgical precision” according to a recent court ruling.